Voiceless velar nasal

Voiceless velar nasal
ŋ̊
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The voiceless velar nasal is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.

Characteristics

  • The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
  • It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Alutiiqeqeshngarluni[əqəsŋ̊aχluni]'sneeze once'See Alutiiq language.
Burmese[1]ငှါး / nga:[ŋ̊á]'borrow'
Central Alaskan Yup'ik[2]calisteńguciquq[tʃaˈlistəˈŋ̊utʃɪquq]'he will be a worker'
Central Siberian Yupik[3]aaptengnga[aːptəŋ̊a]'(you all) answer me!'
Damin*ngi[ŋ̊i]'tobacco'
Faroese[4][5]onkur[ˈɔŋ̊kʰʊɹ]'anybody'Allophone of /n/ before an aspirated velar. See Faroese phonology
Icelandic[6]einkalíf[ˈe(i̯)ŋ̊ˑkäˌliˑf]ⓘ'private life'Allophone of /n/ before an aspirated velar. See Icelandic phonology
Pa Na[7][ma˧˩.ŋ̊ŋ̍˧˩˧]'leech'
Scottish Gaelic[8]banca[ˈb̥ɑŋ̊kə]'bank'Allophone of /n/ before an aspirated velar
Washo[9]dewŊétiʔ[dewˈŋ̊etiʔ]'hillside sloping down'
Welsh[10]fy nghot[və ŋ̊ɔt]'my coat'Occurs as the nasal mutation of /k/. See Welsh phonology
XumiLower[11][ŋ̊ɑ˦mõ˦]'camel'Occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
  2. ↑ Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
  3. ↑ Jacobson (2001), p. 1-3.
  4. ↑ Árnason (2011), p. 124.
  5. ↑ Þráinsson et al. (2012), p. ?.
  6. ↑ Árnason (2011), p. 109.
  7. ↑ Chen (2001), p. 72.
  8. ↑ Oftedal (1956), p. 99.
  9. ↑ Jacobsen (1964), p. 54.
  10. ↑ Jones (1984), p. 51.
  11. 1 2 Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.
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