Voiceless bilabial affricate

Voiceless bilabial affricate
pɸ
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
X-SAMPApp\

The voiceless bilabial affricate is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English but a very similar sound, /pf/, is in German.

Characteristics

  • The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is bilabial. This means that this sound is produced with both lips.
  • The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is affricate. This means that this sound is produced by first stopping the air flowing from the mouth, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place this sound is produced, to make turbulence.

Examples

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
DutchOrsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[1]up[ʊp͡ɸ]'up, onto'Optional pre-pausal allophone of /p/.[1]
EnglishBroad Cockney[2]up[ˈɐʔp͡ɸ]'up'Allophone of /p/, occurs mainly word-finally.[3] See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[4]Rare allophone of /p/.[4] See English phonology
North Wales[5][ˈəp͡ɸ]Word-initial and word-final allophone of /p/; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop [pʰ].[5] See English phonology
Port Talbot[6] Allophone of /p/. In free variation with [pʰʰ].[6]
Scouse[7][ˈʊp͡ɸ]Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /p/.[7] See English phonology
GermanSome speakerstropfen[ˈtʁ̥ɔp͡ɸn̩]'to drip'Allophone of /p͡f/. See Standard German phonology
Ghomalaʼ Allophone of /p/ before /h/.[8]
Kaingang[9]fy[ˈp͡ɸɤ]'seed'Possible word-initial allophone of /ɸ/.[9]
Northern TiwaTaos dialect[ˌp͡ɸìˑˈwɛ̈̄ːnǣ]'daughter'Allophone of /pʰ/, in free variation with [ph] and [ɸ]. See Taos phonology

References

  1. 1 2 Peters (2010), p. 240.
  2. ↑ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
  3. ↑ Wells (1982), p. 323.
  4. 1 2 Cruttenden (2014), p. 172.
  5. 1 2 Penhallurick (2004), pp. 108–109.
  6. 1 2 Connolly, John H. (1990). English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change. Multilingual Matters Ltd.; Channel View Publications. pp. 121–129. ISBN 1-85359-032-0.
  7. 1 2 Wells (1982), p. 372.
  8. ↑ Nissim, Gabriel M. (1981). Le Bamileke-Ghomálá' (parler de Bandjoun, Cameroun): phonologie - morphologie nominale; comparaison avec des parlers voisins. Langues et civilisations à tradition orale. Paris: SELAF. ISBN 978-2-85297-104-2.
  9. 1 2 Jolkesky (2009), pp. 680–681.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.