Voiced labiodental affricate

Voiced labiodental affricate
b̪v
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The voiced labiodental affricate is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is potentially in English but it is similar to the bv in obvious.

Characteristics

  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is labiodental. This means that this sound is produced with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
  • The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is affricate. This means that this sound is produced by first stopping the air flowing from the mouth, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place this sound is produced, to make turbulence.

Examples

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
ChineseTeochew未來 bhuê7 lai5b̪͡vue꜔꜔ lai˥˥'future'Allophone of /b/ before /u/ in Chaoyang dialect[1]
Some Central Plains Mandarin dialects 脊椎 jǐ zhuī tɕi⁵⁵b̪͡ve²⁴ 'backbone' The labialized retroflex fricatives and affricates [ʂʷ, tʂʷ, tʂʰʷ](sometimes including [ʐʷ~ɻʷ]) in Old Mandarin (respectively represented by sh, zh, ch in modern Standard Mandarin) become the labiodental [f, p̪͡f, p̪͡fʰ] (sometimes including [v]).[2]The unaspirated [p̪͡f] occasionally becomes voiced under intervocalic situations.
EnglishSome speakersinvent[ɪɱˈb̪͡vent]'invent'Allophone of /v/ after nasal consonants for some speakers. Usually occurs in fast and/or casual speech.
obvious[ˈɑˌb̪͡viˌəs]'obvious'Occasional pronunciation of a /bv/ or /pv/ consonant cluster.
ItalianSome central-south dialects[3]in vettaiɱˈb̪͡vet̪t̪ä'at the top'Labiodental; allophone of /v/ after nasals.[3] See Italian phonology
Luxembourgish[4]Kampf am Ënnergrondˈkʰɑmb͡v ɑm ˈənɐɡʀont'underground battle'Allophone of a word-final /pf/ before a word-initial vowel. Occurs only in German loanwords.[4] See Luxembourgish phonology
Ngiti[5]abvɔāb̪͡vɔ̄'thorny vine'Less commonly [b͡β][6]
Sopvoma (Mao)[7]bvóthàb̪͡vótʰà'kill by goring'Distinct from the voiced labiodental fricative [v].
TsongaXiNkuna dialectshilebvuʃileb̪͡vu'chin'

References

  1. ↑ Zhang (2016), pp. 233.
  2. ↑ Karlgren, Bernhard (1915–1916). Études sur la phonologie chinoise [Study on the Chinese phonology] (in French). Stockholm: Brill. pp. 268, 417, 464.
  3. 1 2 Canepari (1992), p. 71.
  4. 1 2 Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 72–73.
  5. ↑ Kutsch Lojenga (1994), p. 31.
  6. ↑ Kutsch Lojenga (1994), p. 45.
  7. ↑ Giridhar, P P. (1994). Mao Naga Grammar. Central Institute of Indian Languages. p. 26.
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