International Phonetic Alphabet chart

This page is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic symbols. These are created and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a full list of every single sound that is in every language.

Official chart

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ u
Near-close	ɪ ʏ		ɯ̽ ʊ
Close-mid	e ø	ɘ ɵ	ɤ o
Mid	e̞ ø̞	ə	ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-open	æ	ɐ
Open	a ɶ	ä ɒ̈	ɑ ɒ

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Legend: unrounded • rounded

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

IPA: Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal							Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Alveolopalatal		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊˖	ɲ˖	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Stop	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d	t̠	d̠	ʈ	ɖ	c̟	ɟ˖	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ꞯ	𝼂	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	ʈʂ	ɖʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v	t̼θ̼	d̼ð̼	t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔		dɻ˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ			ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilant fricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔			ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	ʜ	ʢ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞	ʋ̥	ʋ			θ̞	ð̞	ɹ̥	ɹ	ɹ̠̊	ɹ̠	ɻ̊	ɻ			j̊	j		ɰ	χ˕	ʁ̞	ħ̞	ʕ̞				ʔ̞
Tap/flap	ⱱ̟̊	ⱱ̟	ⱱ̥	ⱱ			ɾ̪̊	ɾ̪	ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɡ̆		ɢ̆				ʡ̆
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ			r̼̊	r̼	r̪̊	r̪	r̥	r	r̠̊	r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr							ʀ̥	ʀ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			ʈꞎ	ɖ𝼅	c𝼆̟	ɟʎ̝˖	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪	ɮ̪	ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆̟	ʎ̝˖	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝		ʟ̠˔
Lateral approximant							l̪̊	l̪	l̥	l	l̠̊	l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̟̊	ʎ̟	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ	ʟ̠̊	ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈				ʎ̆		ʟ̆

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Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Gray areas are sounds which are impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

IPA: Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Ejective	Stop	pʼ		t̪ʼ	tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Sibilant affricate			t̪s̪ʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	ʈʂʼ
	Non-sibilant affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ					kxʼ	qχʼ
	Sibilant fricative				sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ
	Non-sibilant fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ					xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k‼ q‼	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ‼ ɢ‼	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ‼ ɴ‼	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuis lateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥

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Gray areas are sounds which are impossible.

Co-articulated consonants

IPA: Co-articulated consonants

Labial–alveolar

Labial–velar

Labial–uvular

Fricative/approximant

Labial–palatal

Labial–velar

ɧ

Sj-sound (variable)

Lateral approximant

ɫ

Velarized alveolar

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Other consonants

Nasal palatal approximant [j̃]
Nasal labial–velar approximant [w̃]
Voiceless nasal glottal approximant [h̃]
Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop [t̪ʙ̥]
Voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆]

Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive [ʡ̟]
Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive [ʡ̟̬]
Bilabial percussive [ʬ]
Bidental percussive [ʭ]
Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive [¡]

Tones

Tone registers
◌̋	˥	꜒	Extra-high (top)
◌́	˦	꜓	High
◌̄	˧	꜔	Mid
◌̀	˨	꜕	Low
◌̏	˩	꜖	Extra-low (bottom)
ꜜ◌			Downstep
ꜛ◌			Upstep

Tone contours
◌̌	˩˥	꜖꜒	Rising (low to high)
◌̂	˥˩	꜒꜖	Falling (high to low)
◌᷄	˧˥	꜔꜒	High rising
	˨˦	꜕꜓	Mid rising
◌᷅	˩˧	꜖꜔	Low rising
◌᷇	˥˧	꜒꜔	High falling
	˦˨	꜓꜕	Mid falling
◌᷆	˧˩	꜔꜖	Low falling
◌᷈	˧˥˨, ˨˦˨, ˩˧˩	꜔꜒꜕, ꜕꜓꜕, ꜖꜔꜖	Rising–falling (Peaking)
◌᷉	˥˧˥, ˦˨˦, ˧˩˧	꜒꜔꜒, ꜓꜕꜓, ꜔꜖꜔	Falling–rising (Dipping)

Auxiliary symbols

Diacritics
◌̥		◌̊		Voiceless	◌̤		Breathy voiced	◌̪	◌͆	Dental
◌̬				Voiced	◌̰		Creaky voiced	◌̺		Apical
◌ʰ				Aspirated	◌̼		Linguolabial	◌̻		Laminal
◌̹	◌͗		◌˒	More rounded	◌ʷ		Labialized	◌̃		Nasalized
◌̜	◌͑		◌˓	Less rounded	◌ʲ		Palatalized	◌ⁿ		Nasal release
◌̟		◌˖		Advanced	◌ˠ		Velarized	◌ˡ		Lateral release
◌̠		◌˗		Retracted	◌ˤ		Pharyngealized	◌̚		No audible release
◌̈				Centralized	◌̴		Velarized or pharyngealized	◌ᵊ		Mid central vowel release
◌̽				Mid-centralized	◌̝	◌˔	Raised	◌ᶿ		Voiceless dental fricative release
◌̩		◌̍		Syllabic	◌̞	◌˕	Lowered	◌ˣ		Voiceless velar fricative release
◌̯		◌̑		Non-syllabic	◌̘	◌꭪	Advanced tongue root	◌ʼ		Ejective
◌˞				Rhoticity	◌̙	◌꭫	Retracted tongue root	◌͡◌ ◌͜◌		Affricate or double articulation

Suprasegmentals
ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ː	Long
ˑ	Half-long
◌̆	Extra-short
\|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break
‿	Linking (absence of a break)
↗︎	Global rise
↘︎	Global fall

Transcription
[ ]	Phonetic transcription
/ /	Phonemic transcription
{ }	Prosodic notation
( )	Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩	Sound obscured

Official chart

Vowels

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Non-pulmonic consonants

Co-articulated consonants

Other consonants

Tones

Auxiliary symbols

Other websites