Symphony No. 4 (Beethoven)

painting of young white man, clean shaven, with shortish dark hair
Beethoven at about the time of the composition of the Fourth Symphony

The Symphony No. 4 in B♭ major, Op. 60, is the fourth symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was created in 1806 and first shown in March 1807 at a private event in Vienna at the house of Prince Lobkowitz. It was first played for the public at the Burgtheater in Vienna in April 1808.[1][2][3]

The symphony is in four parts. It is not often played because of the better known symphonies that came before and after it – the Third Symphony (Eroica) and the Fifth.

Instrumentation

The symphony is made for flute, two oboes, two clarinets in B♭, two bassoons, two horns in B♭ and E♭, two trumpets in B♭ and E♭, timpani and strings.[4] It takes 30 to 35 minutes to play.

References and sources

References

  1. ↑ Huscher, Philip. "Ludwig van Beethoven – Symphony No. 4 in B-flat Major, Op. 60" Archived 2010-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved 25 August 2019
  2. ↑ Steinberg, pp. 19–24
  3. ↑ Netl, p. 262
  4. ↑ Grove, p. 96

Sources

  • Anderson, Emily (1985). The Letters of Beethoven. Vol. 3. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-39833-3.
  • Ferraguto, Mark Christopher (2012). Beethoven's Fourth Symphony: Reception, Aesthetics, Performance History (PDF). Ithaca: Cornell University. OCLC 826932734.
  • Ford, Gary (2001). RED Classical Catalogue. London: Retail Entertainment Data Publishing and Gramophone. ISBN 978-1-900105-22-4.
  • Greenberg, Robert (2003). The Symphonies of Beethoven. Part 2 of 4. Chantilly: Teaching Company. ISBN 978-1-56585-700-1.
  • Grove, George (1903) [1896]. Beethoven and His Nine Symphonies. Novello. OCLC 491303365.
  • Lockwood, Lewis (2017). Beethoven's Symphonies: An Artistic Vision. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-35385-3.
  • March, Ivan; Edward Greenfield; Robert Layton; Paul Czajkowski (2008). "Beethoven, Ludwig van – Symphony 4". The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1410-3336-5 – via Internet Archive.
  • Netl, Paul (1976). Beethoven Handbook. New York: Frederick Ungar.
  • Noorduin, Marten A. (2016). Beethoven's Tempo Indications (PDF). Manchester: University of Manchester. OCLC 1064358078.
  • Steinberg, Michael (1995). The Symphony: A Listener's Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506177-2.
  • Taruskin, Richard (1995). Text and Act: Essays on Music and Performance. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509458-9.
  • Thompson, Oscar (1935). How to Understand Music. New York: Dial Press. OCLC 377014.
  • Tovey, Donald (1990). Symphonies and Other Orchestral Works. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-315147-5.

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