Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
	; Kurdish refugees in camp sites along the Turkey–Iraq border in 1991.
Date	1918–present; (Main stage: 1961–1991)
Location	Iraqi Kurdistan
Result	Establishment of Iraqi Kurdistan. Iraq withdrew from the Kurds' territories in 1991; the Kurds control the autonomous territory de facto.; The Kurdish Civil War from 1994 to 1998 with Iraq joining in (1995).; The Peshmerga supported the coalition forces in the 2003 invasion of Iraq; ending Ba'athist's control.; The Kurdish government was recognized by Iraq's central government in 2005.; Tensions between Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraq's central government continued.;
Territorial; changes	Creation of the Kurdish Autonomous Territory, led by many Kurdish political parties
Belligerents
Kingdom of Kurdistan KDP; PUK; ICP; INC; File:ISCI flag.svg SCIRI; Supported by:; Iran (1980–1988); Syria (1980–1988); Israel (1961–1970) Iraqi Kurdistan; No-fly zone according to UNSC Resolution 688: United States; United Kingdom; France; Soviet Union (1991); Turkey; Australia; Poland;	Kingdom of Iraq; Supported by:; United Kingdom (1922–1924) Kingdom of Iraq Iraq Iraqi Republican Guard; Iraqi Armed Forces; Iraqi police; Mukhabarat; MKO; KDP-I
Commanders and leaders
Mahmud Barzanji Ahmed Barzani Mustafa Barzani; Idris Barzani; Massoud Barzani; Babakir Zebari; Jalal Talabani; Ibrahim Ahmad; Ali Askari †; Nawshirwan Mustafa; Kosrat Rasul Ali; Mama Risha †; Uthman Abd-Asis; Ahmad Challabi; Aziz Muhammad; Mohsen Rezaee; Ali Sayad Shirazi; File:ISCI flag.svg Abdul Aziz al-Hakim John Shalikashvili	Faisal I of Iraq Faisal II of Iraq Abdul Karim Qasim; Abdul Salam Arif; Abdul Rahman Arif; Tahir Yahya; Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr; Saddam Hussein; Ali Hassan al-Majid; Taha Yassin Ramadan; Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri; Tariq Aziz; Saddam Kamel; Qusay Hussein; Uday Hussein; Massoud Rajavi; Maryam Rajavi; Luai al-Atassi
Strength
KDP:; 15,000–20,000 (1962); 6,000 (1970); 50,000-60,000 (1974); KDP & PUK:; 5,000 (1980); 100,000 (1991); Iraqi Kurdistan: 70,000 (2003)	Military of Iraq:; 48,000 (1969); 90,000 (1974); 180,000 (1978); 300,000 (1980); 1,000,000 (1988); 382,500 (1992); 424,000 (2002)
Casualties and losses
	163,800–345,100 deaths[a]; Millions of Kurds fled or became refugees.

The Iraqi–Kurdish conflict is an ongoing armed conflict between Iraq and the Kurdish people, it began in the 20th century immediately after the Ottoman Empire lost the First World War until the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, though smaller clashes are still occurring. Some pointed that Mahmud Barzanji's efforts to create an independent Kurdish kingdom as the start of the conflict but others think that it was in 1961 with a revolt by Barzanis.

References

↑ Kenneth M. Pollack, Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948–91, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002, p.157, ISBN 0-8032-3733-2
↑ Page 39 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Page 47 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Page 48 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Page 54 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Page 59 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Page 24
1 2 Al-Marashi, Ibra; Salama, Sammy (2008). "Iraq's armed forces". Google Books. ISBN 978-0-415-40078-7.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 2026-02-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
1 2 John Pike. "Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)". Globalsecurity.org.
↑ "IRAQ OVERVIEW (page 17)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
↑ Iraq and The Conventional Military Balance Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine

[1] Kenneth M. Pollack, Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948–91, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002, p.157, ISBN 0-8032-3733-2

[2] Page 39 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[3] Page 47 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[4] Page 48 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[5] Page 54 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[6] Page 59 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[7] Page 24

[strength-8] 1 2 Al-Marashi, Ibra; Salama, Sammy (2008). "Iraq's armed forces". Google Books. ISBN 978-0-415-40078-7.

[9] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 2026-02-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[GlobalSecIIWar-10] 1 2 John Pike. "Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)". Globalsecurity.org.

[11] "IRAQ OVERVIEW (page 17)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 2019-06-01.

[12] Iraq and The Conventional Military Balance Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine

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List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1910s	Italo-Turkish War World War I Middle Eastern theatre Battle of Robat Karim Arab Revolt Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Mount Lebanon starvation Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt 1919 Egyptian Revolution Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War Turkish–Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts Mahmud Barzanji revolts
1920s	Franco-Syrian War Iraqi Revolt (1920) Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine Adwan Rebellion Arab separatism in Khuzestan Great Syrian Revolt Sheikh Said rebellion
1930s	Ararat rebellion Ahmed Barzani revolt Simele massacre Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) Goharshad Mosque rebellion 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 1935 Yazidi revolt 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Dersim rebellion
1940s	World War II Italian bombing of Palestine Anglo-Iraqi War Syria–Lebanon campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1943 Barzani revolt Alwaziri coup Al-Wathbah uprising Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran crisis of 1946 Arab–Israeli conflict 1948 Arab–Israeli War Suez Crisis 1967 Six-Day War 1973 Yom Kippur War 1982 Lebanon War
1950s	1952 Egyptian Revolution 1953 Iranian coup d'état Jebel Akhdar War Cyprus Emergency Suez Crisis Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 Iraqi revolution 1959 Mosul uprising
1960s	Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict First Iraqi–Kurdish War Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Dhofar Rebellion North Yemen Civil War Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup Mar. 1963 Syrian coup Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup Aden Emergency 1964 Hama riot Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1948 Palestine war First Intifada Second Intifada 1966 Syrian coup d'état
1970s	Black September in Jordan Yemenite War of 1972 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Shatt al-Arab clashes Lebanese Civil War Political violence in Turkey Islamist uprising in Syria 1977 Shia uprising in Iraq NDF Rebellion Yemenite War of 1979 Iranian Revolution Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 1979 Qatif Uprising Grand Mosque seizure 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
1980s	Iran–Iraq War 1980 Turkish coup d'état Kurdish–Turkish conflict Turkey–PKK conflict South Yemen Civil War 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 1986 Damascus bombings 1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt Mecca massacre Abu Nidal's executions
1990s	Gulf War (1990–1991) 1991 Iraqi uprisings Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) Yemeni Civil War (1994) Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) Operation Desert Fox al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
2000s	Iraq War Balochi insurgency in Iran 2004 Qamishli riots Houthi insurgency in Yemen Iran–Israel proxy conflict 2006 Lebanon War Fatah–Hamas conflict South Yemen insurgency
2010s	2011 Bahraini uprising Egyptian Crisis Sinai insurgency Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) Syrian civil war Turkish involvement in Syria Syrian War spillover in Lebanon Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) War in Iraq (2013–2017) Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) Yemeni crisis Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
2020s	2021 Beirut clashes Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) Israel–Hamas war Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) Red Sea crisis 2024 Iran–Israel conflict Iran–Israel war 2026 Iran war
This list includes World War I and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.