al-Qaeda in Iraq

al-Qaeda in Iraq
(Organization of Jihad's Base in Mesopotamia)
الْقَاعِدَةُ فِي الْعِرَاقِ
LeadersAbu Musab al-Zarqawi † (17 October 2004 – 7 June 2006)
Abu Ayyub al-Masri (7 June 2006 – 15 October 2006)
Dates of operation17 October 2004[1] – 15 October 2006
Active regionsIraq
IdeologySalafi Jihadism[2]
Anti-Shi'ism[3]
Qutbism
Part of al-Qaeda
Mujahideen Shura Council (from January 2006)
Opponents Coalition forces
Iraq Republic of Iraq
Coalition Provisional Authority
Islamic Army in Iraq
Ansar al-Sunna
Hamas of Iraq
Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq[4]
Mahdi Army[5]
 Jordan
 Israel
 United Nations
Battles and warsIraq War
  • Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
    • Iraqi insurgency (2003–06)
    • Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)
Designated as a terrorist group by Iraq[6]
 Malaysia[7]
 Saudi Arabia[8]

al-Qaeda in Iraq or Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (Arabic: تَنْظِيمُ قَاعِدَةِ الْجِهَادِ فِي بِلَادِ الرَّافِدِينَ, romanized: tanẓīm qā‘idat al-jihād fī bilād ar-rāfidayn, lit. 'Organization of Jihad's Base in the land of two rivers') was a Salafi jihadist militant group affiliated with al-Qaeda.[9][10][11][12][13] It was created on the 17 October 2004 and was led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and Abu Ayyub al-Masri until it became the Islamic State of Iraq on the 15 October 2006.

References

  1. ↑ "Zarqari's Pledge of Allegiance". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  2. ↑ "War between ISIS and Al-Qaeda" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2015.
  3. ↑ "Al-Zarqawi declares war on Iraqi Shia". Al Jazeera. 14 September 2005. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  4. ↑ "موقع المقاومة الإسلامية عصائب أهل الحق - الشهيد السعيد لـيث صـــاحب كـــــان مــــــؤمناً أن طريـــــق أهـــل الحـــق هــــــــو طريـــــــــــق الخـــــــــــــــــــــــلاص والتحــــــــــرُّر". Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  5. ↑ "Mahdi Army | Mapping Militant Organizations". Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  6. ↑ "Iraq issues 'most wanted' terror list". 4 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  7. ↑ Archived copy Archived 9 October 2022 at ghostarchive.org [Error: unknown archive URL]
  8. ↑ "سياسي / وزارة الداخلية: بيان بالمحظورات الأمنية والفكرية على المواطن والمقيم ، وإمهال المشاركين بالقتال خارج المملكة 15 يوما إضافية لمراجعة النفس والعودة إلى وطنهم / إضافة أولى وكالة الأنباء السعودية". Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  9. ↑ "Govt bans al-Zarqawi terror group". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 February 2005. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  10. ↑ Pool, Jeffrey (16 December 2004). "Zarqawi's Pledge of Allegiance to Al-Qaeda: From Mu'Asker Al-Battar, Issue 21". Terrorism Monitor. 2 (24): The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  11. ↑ Pool, Jeffrey (16 December 2004). "Zarqawi's Pledge of Allegiance to Al-Qaeda: From Mu'Asker Al-Battar, Issue 21". Terrorism Monitor. 2 (24): The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  12. ↑ Pool, Jeffrey (16 December 2004). "Zarqawi's Pledge of Allegiance to Al-Qaeda: From Mu'Asker Al-Battar, Issue 21". Terrorism Monitor. 2 (24): The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  13. ↑ "The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movement" (PDF). Washington Institute for Near East Policy. June 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
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