Penneshaw, South Australia

Penneshaw
South Australia
Penneshaw harbour
Penneshaw is located in South Australia
Penneshaw
Penneshaw
Coordinates35°43′06″S 137°56′25″E / 35.71833°S 137.94028°E / -35.71833; 137.94028
Population269 (SAL 2021)[1][2]
Postcode(s)5222[3]
Time zoneACST (UTC+9:30)
 • Summer (DST)ACDT (UTC+10:30)
Location107 km (66 mi) south of Adelaide
LGA(s)Kangaroo Island Council
RegionFleurieu and Kangaroo Island[4]
CountyCarnarvon[5]
State electorate(s)Mawson[6]
Federal division(s)Mayo[7]
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
18.1 °C
65 °F		 12.8 °C
55 °F		 538.4 mm
21.2 in
Localities around Penneshaw:
Backstairs Passage Backstairs Passage Backstairs Passage
Kangaroo Head Penneshaw Ironstone
Kangaroo Head Dudley East Ironstone
FootnotesLocation[3]
Climate[8]
Adjoining localities[5]

Penneshaw is a small town in South Australia. It is on the northeast coast of Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island, about 107 km (66 mi) south of Adelaide, the state capital.[5][3] Penneshaw is the main ferry port for the island, with regular ferries from Cape Jervis. The town has a Maritime and Folk Museum and offers evening tours to see little penguins, which are the only penguins that breed in Australian waters. In 2011, about 276 people lived in Penneshaw.[9]

The town was first called Hog Bay because French Commander Nicholas Baudin released pigs there. Later, it was renamed Penneshaw, combining the names of Dr. F.W. Pennefather,[10] a private secretary to the Governor Jervois, and Flora Louisa Shaw, a visitor to Governemnt House and newspaper editor.[11]

In the 1990s, South Australia’s first modern seawater desalination plant was built in Penneshaw to help with the town’s limited water supply.

Penneshaw jetty

Penneshaw jetty

In 1901, the government gave money to build a jetty (a pier) at Penneshaw, then called Hog Bay.[12] People asked for the jetty to be made bigger and better in 1905 and 1906.[13][14] In 1908, the jetty was extended by two brothers from Port Adelaide.[15][16] At that time, the outer part of the jetty was only 9 feet wide.[17] Later, a breakwater was built to protect ships from rough seas.

In 2012, the jetty was made longer to allow cruise ship boats to land passengers.[18][19] In the 2014–15 season, seven cruise ships stopped at Penneshaw, and more were expected the next season.[20] The jetty is also popular for snorkeling and scuba diving because it has special corals called Gorgonian corals.[21]

Today, the wooden jetty and breakwater give shelter for the ferry that travels daily to and from Cape Jervis and for boats from cruise ships.

Attractions in Penneshaw

  • Anglican Church of St Columba
  • Christmas Cove
  • Frenchman's Rock: In 1803, French explorer Nicolas Baudin’s crew carved a mark on a rock here. The original rock is now in the Gateway Information Centre, and a copy is on Penneshaw Beach.
  • Hog Bay
  • Maritime and Folk Museum[22]
  • Penneshaw Penguin Centre: Offers night tours to see little penguins with guides.[23]
  • Uniting Church: The first church on Kangaroo Island, built around 1883.[24]

Heritage places

Penneshaw has several places on the South Australian Heritage Register, including Christmas Cove,[25] Frenchman's Rock Monument,[26] and Penneshaw Cemetery.[27]

Little Penguin Colony

In 1802, Matthew Flinders' expedition saw thousands of little penguins near Kangaroo Head, just west of Penneshaw.[28] Other reports of penguins in Penneshaw come from years like 1948,[29] 1951,[30] 1982,[31] 1988[32] 1989[33] and 1998.[34] In July 1984, two dogs killed 80 penguins at Penneshaw in one night, cutting the penguin population almost in half.[35] Another dog attack in March 2003 killed over 30 penguins.[36]

By June 2011, the number of little penguins in the part of the colony watched by the Penneshaw Penguin Centre seemed to have gone down over the previous 10 years.[36]

Penneshaw Little Penguin Colony (Breeding Individuals)
Year Population (low) Population (high) Reference
1984 200 200 [37]
2008 216 356 [36][38]
2011 304 304 [38]
2012 148 148 [38]
2013 112 112 [38]

Work to restore the land for little penguins near Penneshaw is ongoing. In 2013 work began along 800 m (2,600 ft)s of the coast between Frenchman's Rock and Baudin Conservation Park . This included removal of weeds, planting native plants and building nesting boxes.[39]

Governance

Penneshaw is in the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the Kangaroo Island Council.[6][7]

References

  1. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Penneshaw (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. 
  2. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Penneshaw (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021. 
  3. 1 2 3 "Postcode for Penneshaw, South Australia". postcodes-australia.com. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
  4. ↑ "Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island SA Government region" (PDF). The Government of South Australia. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 "Search result for "Penneshaw (LOCB)" (Record no SA0002275) with the following layers selected – "Suburbs and Localities"". Property Location Browser. Government of South Australia. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  6. 1 2 Mawson (Map). Electoral District Boundaries Commission. 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  7. 1 2 "Federal electoral division of Mayo, boundary gazetted 16 December 2011" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  8. ↑ "Monthly climate statistics: Summary statistics CAPE WILLOUGHBY (nearest station)". Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  9. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Penneshaw (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  10. ↑ Adelaide University Prof Frederick William Pennefather LLM
  11. ↑ Rodney Cockburn (1908) What's in a name? Nomenclature of South Australia: Fergusson Publications ISBN 0-9592519-1-X
  12. ↑ "HOG BAY JETTY". Advertiser. 1901-10-24. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  13. ↑ "HOG BAY JETTY". Observer. 1905-09-30. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  14. ↑ "HOG BAY JETTY". Chronicle. 1906-05-05. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  15. ↑ "THE HOG BAY JETTY". Express and Telegraph. 1908-04-29. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  16. ↑ "HOG BAY JETTY". Chronicle. 1908-11-21. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  17. ↑ "HOG BAY JETTY". Chronicle. 1909-08-21. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  18. ↑ SATC Annual Report 2010-11 (PDF). 2011. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-17. Retrieved 2026-05-11.
  19. ↑ SATC Annual Report 2011-12 (PDF). South Australian Tourism Commission. 2012. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-17. Retrieved 2026-05-11.
  20. ↑ "Kangaroo Island welcomes cruise ships". The Times. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
  21. ↑ Hutchison, Stuart (2001-12-01). "Travellin' South". Australasia Scuba Diver: 18–30.
  22. ↑ "Penneshaw Maritime and Folk Museum". Archived from the original on 15 July 2006.
  23. ↑ Penneshaw Penguin Centre Archived 2013-04-27 at the Wayback Machine – TourKangarooIsland.com.au. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  24. ↑ "Penneshaw Methodist Church" – via National Library of Australia.
  25. ↑ "Christmas Cove (designated place of geological significance)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  26. ↑ "Frenchman's Rock Monument, Well & Pine Trees". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  27. ↑ "Penneshaw Cemetery". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  28. ↑ "KANGAROO ISLAND (S.A.)". Illustrated Sydney News (NSW : 1881 – 1894). 1888-02-22. p. 5. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  29. ↑ "OUT AMONG THE PEOPLE". Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 – 1954). 1948-09-07. p. 3. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  30. ↑ "KANGAROO IS". Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954). 1951-03-10. p. 12. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  31. ↑ "TIMESPAN". Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 – 1995). 1982-08-11. p. 34. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  32. ↑ "Island was dealt a good hand by nature (Kangaroo Island, South Australia 1988)". The Age. 1988-01-09. p. 119. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  33. ↑ "Where blubber abounds". Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 – 1995). 1989-04-30. p. 20. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  34. ↑ "South Australia's delectable dining (1998)". The San Francisco Examiner. 1998-10-25. p. 73. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  35. ↑ "Dogs kill penguins" The Canberra Times, ACT, Australia (10 July 1984). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  36. 1 2 3 Wiebken, A. "Conservation Priorities for Little Penguin Populations in Gulf St Vincent" Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine SARDI, South Australia (2011-06). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  37. ↑ "Dogs kill nesting penguins, Penneshaw (1984)". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1984-07-10. p. 14. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  38. 1 2 3 4 Copley, Peter (2016). Conservation risk assessment report for little penguins in South Australia – DEWNR Technical Report 2016/33. South Australia: Government of South Australia. p. 53.
  39. ↑ "Penguin habitat restored at Penneshaw" Archived 2022-06-25 at the Wayback Machine The Islander, Kangaroo Island, South Australia (18 July 2013). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
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