List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom

Robert Walpole is considered the first prime minister of Great Britain.
Winston Churchill was prime minister during much of World War II.
Margaret Thatcher was the first female prime minister.
Keir Starmer is the current prime minister.

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the leader of His Majesty's Government. They chair Cabinet meetings. It is the highest civil office in the United Kingdom. The present prime minister has been Keir Starmer since 5 July 2024. [1] He announced his resignation on 22 June 2026. [2]

The procedure

The appointment of a prime minister by the monarch is based on advice. However, though the advice is technically informal, the monarch would create a constitutional crisis if they did not comply. Therefore, in practice, what is decided in the House of Commons is the decisive event. The voters elect Members of Parliament (MPs), and the MPs choose the prime minister. The system grew in stages as the Commons grew in power and the monarch's authority dwindled.

List of prime ministers

List of prime ministers of Great Britain or the United Kingdom since 1721
Portrait Prime minister
Office
(lifespan)
Term of office Mandate Ministerial offices held as prime minister Party Government Monarch
Reign
Start End Duration
​ Robert Walpole [3]
  • MP for King's Lynn (to 1742)
  • 1st Earl of Orford (from 1742)[a]
  • (1676–1745)
3 April
1721
11 February
1742
20 years, 315 days 1722 Whig Walpole–Townshend George I
George I of Great Britain
r. 1714–1727
1727 George II
George II of Great Britain
r. 1727–1760
1734 Walpole
1741
Spencer Compton [4]
  • 1st Earl of Wilmington
  • (1673–1743)
16 February
1742
2 July
1743
1 year, 137 days — Carteret
Henry Pelham [5]
  • MP for Sussex
  • (1694–1754)
27 August
1743[b]
6 March
1754[b]
{{small|10 years, 192 days — Broad Bottom I
1747 Broad Bottom II
Thomas Pelham-Holles [6]
  • 1st Duke of Newcastle
  • (1693–1768)
16 March
1754
11 November
1756
2 years, 241 days 1754
Newcastle I
William Cavendish [7]
16 November
1756
29 June
1757
226 days —
Pitt–Devonshire
1757 Caretaker
Thomas Pelham-Holles [8]
  • 1st Duke of Newcastle
  • (1693–1768)
29 June
1757
26 May
1762
4 years, 332 days 1761
Pitt–Newcastle
Bute–Newcastle
(Tory–Whig)
George III
George III of Great Britain
r. 1760–1820
John Stuart [9]
  • 3rd Earl of Bute[c]
  • (1713–1792)
26 May
1762
8 April
1763
318 days —
Tory Bute
George Grenville [10]
  • MP for Buckingham
  • (1712–1770)
16 April
1763
10 July
1765
2 years, 86 days — Whig
(Grenvillite)
Grenville
(mainly Whig)
Charles Watson-Wentworth
Charles Watson-Wentworth
[11]
  • 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
  • (1730–1782)
13 July
1765
30 July
1766
1 year, 18 days —
Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham I
William Pitt the Elder
William Pitt the Elder
[12]
  • MP for Bath (to 1766)
  • 1st Earl of Chatham (from 1766)[d]
  • (1708–1778)
30 July
1766
14 October
1768
2 years, 77 days 1768
  • Lord Privy Seal
Whig Chatham
Augustus FitzRoy [13]
  • 3rd Duke of Grafton
  • (1735–1811)
14 October
1768
28 January
1770
1 year, 107 days —
Grafton
Frederick North, Lord North [14]
  • Lord North
  • MP for Banbury[e]
  • (1732–1792)
28 January
1770
27 March
1782
12 years, 59 days 1774 Tory North
1780
Charles Watson-Wentworth
Charles Watson-Wentworth
[11]
  • 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
  • (1730–1782)
27 March
1782
1 July
1782
97 days — Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham II
William Petty [15]
  • 2nd Earl of Shelburne
  • (1737–1805)
4 July
1782
26 March
1783
266 days —
Whig Shelburne
William Cavendish-Bentinck [16]
  • 3rd Duke of Portland
  • (1738–1809)
2 April
1783
18 December
1783
261 days —
Whig Fox–North
William Pitt the Younger [17]
  • MP for Appleby, later Cambridge University[f]
  • (1759–1806)
19 December
1783
14 March
1801
17 years, 86 days 1784 Tory Pitt I
1790
1796
Henry Addington
Henry Addington
[18]
17 March
1801
10 May
1804
3 years, 55 days 1801 Tory Addington
1802
William Pitt the Younger [19]
  • MP for Cambridge University
  • (1759–1806)
10 May
1804
23 January
1806
1 year, 259 days — Tory Pitt II
William Grenville
William Grenville
[20]
  • 1st Baron Grenville
  • (1759–1834)
11 February
1806
25 March
1807
1 year, 43 days 1806
Whig All the Talents
(Whig–Tory)
William Cavendish-Bentinck [21]
  • 3rd Duke of Portland
  • (1738–1809)
31 March
1807
4 October
1809
2 years, 188 days 1807 Tory Portland II
Spencer Perceval [22]
  • MP for Northampton
  • (1762–1812)
4 October
1809
11 May
1812
2 years, 221 days —
Perceval
Robert Jenkinson [23]
  • 2nd Earl of Liverpool
  • (1770–1828)
8 June
1812
9 April
1827
14 years, 306 days 1812
Liverpool
1818 George IV
George IV of Great Britain
r. 1820–1830
1820
1826
George Canning [24]
  • MP for Seaford
  • (1770–1827)
12 April
1827
8 August
1827
119 days — Tory
(Canningite)
Canning
(Canningite–Whig)
F. J. Robinson
Frederick John Robinson
[25]
  • 1st Viscount Goderich
  • (1782–1859)
31 August
1827
8 January
1828
131 days —
Tory
(Canningite)
Goderich
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington [26]
22 January
1828
16 November
1830
2 years, 299 days —
Tory Wellington–Peel
(1830) William IV
William IV of Great Britain
r. 1830–1837
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey [27]
  • 2nd Earl Grey
  • (1764–1845)
22 November
1830
9 July
1834
3 years, 230 days 1831
Whig Grey
1832
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne [28]
  • 2nd Viscount Melbourne
  • (1779–1848)
16 July
1834
14 November
1834
122 days —
Melbourne I
photograph [29]
17 November
1834
9 December
1834
23 days (—)
Tory Wellington Caretaker
Robert Peel [30]
  • Baronet
  • MP for Tamworth
  • (1788–1850)
10 December
1834
8 April
1835
120 days (—) Conservative Peel I
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne [31]
  • 2nd Viscount Melbourne
  • (1779–1848)
18 April
1835
30 August
1841
6 years, 135 days 1835
Whig Melbourne II
1837 Victoria
Queen Victoria
r. 1837–1901
Robert Peel [30]
  • Baronet
  • MP for Tamworth
  • (1788–1850)
30 August
1841
29 June
1846
4 years, 304 days 1841
Conservative Peel II
photograph
Lord John Russell
[32]
  • MP for City of London
  • (1792–1878)
30 June
1846
21 February
1852
5 years, 237 days (1847)
Whig Russell I
painting [33]
  • 14th Earl of Derby
  • (1799–1869)
23 February
1852
17 December
1852
299 days 1852
Conservative Who? Who?
engraving [34]
  • 4th Earl of Aberdeen
  • (1784–1860)
19 December
1852
30 January
1855
2 years, 43 days (—)
Peelite Aberdeen
(Peelite–Whig–others)
photograph
Henry John Temple
[35]
  • 3rd Viscount Palmerston
  • MP for Tiverton
  • (1784–1865)
6 February
1855
19 February
1858
3 years, 14 days 1857
Whig Palmerston I
engraving [36]
  • 14th Earl of Derby
  • (1799–1869)
20 February
1858
11 June
1859
1 year, 112 days (—)
Conservative Derby–Disraeli II
photograph
Henry John Temple
[37]
  • 3rd Viscount Palmerston
  • MP for Tiverton
  • (1784–1865)
12 June
1859
18 October
1865
{{small|6 years, 129 days 1859
Liberal Palmerston II
1865
photograph [32]
  • 1st Earl Russell
  • (1792–1878)
29 October
1865
26 June
1866
241 days —
Russell II
engraving [38]
  • 14th Earl of Derby
  • (1799–1869)
28 June
1866
25 February
1868
1 year, 243 days (—)
Conservative Derby–Disraeli III
photograph [39]
  • MP for Buckinghamshire
  • (1804–1881)
  • Premierships
27 February
1868
1 December
1868
279 days (—)
photograph [40]
  • MP for Greenwich
  • (1809–1898)
  • Premierships
3 December
1868
17 February
1874
5 years, 77 days 1868
Liberal Gladstone I
photograph [41]
  • MP for Buckinghamshire (to 1876)
  • Earl of Beaconsfield (from 1876)[g]
  • (1804–1881)
  • Premierships
20 February
1874
21 April
1880
6 years, 62 days 1874
  • First Lord of the Treasury
  • Leader of the House of Commons (1874–1876)
  • Leader of the House of Lords (1876–1880)
  • Lord Privy Seal (1876–1878)
Conservative Disraeli II
photograph [42]
  • MP for Midlothian
  • (1809–1898)
  • Premierships
23 April
1880
9 June
1885
5 years, 48 days 1880
Liberal Gladstone II
photograph [43]
  • 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
  • (1830–1903)
23 June
1885
28 January
1886
220 days (—)
  • Leader of the House of Lords
  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Conservative Salisbury I
photograph [42]
  • MP for Midlothian
  • (1809–1898)
  • Premierships
1 February
1886
20 July
1886
170 days (1885)
Liberal Gladstone III
photograph [44]
  • 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
  • (1830–1903)
25 July
1886
11 August
1892
6 years, 18 days (1886)
Conservative Salisbury II
photograph [42]
  • MP for Midlothian
  • (1809–1898)
  • Premierships
15 August
1892
2 March
1894
1 year, 200 days (1892)
Liberal Gladstone IV
photograph [45]
  • 5th Earl of Rosebery
  • (1847–1929)
5 March
1894
22 June
1895
1 year, 110 days (—)
Rosebery
photograph [46]
  • 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
  • (1830–1903)
25 June
1895
11 July
1902
7 years, 17 days 1895
  • Leader of the House of Lords
  • Lord Privy Seal (1900–1902)
  • Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs (1895–1900)
Conservative Salisbury III
(Con–Lib.U)
1900 Salisbury IV
(Con–Lib.U)
Edward VII
Edward VII
r. 1901–1910
photograph [47]
  • MP for Manchester East
  • (1848–1930)
12 July
1902
4 December
1905
3 years, 146 days —
Balfour
(Con–Lib.U)
photograph [48]
  • MP for Stirling Burghs
  • (1836–1908)
5 December
1905
3 April
1908
2 years, 121 days 1906
Liberal Campbell-Bannerman
photograph [49]
  • MP for East Fife
  • (1852–1928)
8 April
1908
5 December
1916
8 years, 243 days —
Asquith I
(Jan 1910) Asquith II George V
George V
r. 1910–1936
(Dec 1910) Asquith III
(—) Asquith Coalition
(Lib–Con–others)
photograph [50]
  • MP for Carnarvon Boroughs
  • (1863–1945)
6 December
1916
19 October
1922
5 years, 318 days (—) Coalition Liberal (1916–1922)
National Liberal (1922)
Lloyd George War
1918 Lloyd George II
(Nat Lib–Con)
photograph [51]
  • MP for Glasgow Central
  • (1858–1923)
23 October
1922
20 May
1923
210 days 1922
Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Law
photograph [52]
  • MP for Bewdley
  • (1867–1947)
22 May
1923
22 January
1924
246 days —
Conservative Baldwin I
photograph [53]
  • MP for Aberavon
  • (1866–1937)
22 January
1924
4 November
1924
288 days (1923)
Labour MacDonald I
photograph [54]
  • MP for Bewdley
  • (1867–1947)
4 November
1924
4 June
1929
4 years, 213 days 1924
Conservative Baldwin II
photograph [55]
  • MP for Seaham
  • (1866–1937)
5 June
1929
7 June
1935
6 years, 3 days (1929)
Labour MacDonald II
(—) rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/National Labour| National Labour National I
(Nat.Lab–Con–others)
1931 National II
​ photograph [56]
  • MP for Bewdley
  • (1867–1947)
7 June
1935
28 May
1937
1 year, 356 days 1935
Conservative National III
Edward VIII
Edward VIII
r. 1936
George VI
George VI
r. 1936–1952
photograph [57]
  • MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
  • (1869–1940)
28 May
1937
10 May
1940
2 years, 349 days —
National IV
Chamberlain War
photograph [58]
  • MP for Epping
  • (1874–1965)
10 May
1940
26 July
1945
5 years, 78 days —
Churchill War
Churchill Caretaker
(Con–Nat.Lib)
photograph [59]
  • MP for Limehouse
  • (1883–1967)
26 July
1945
26 October
1951
6 years, 93 days 1945
Labour Attlee I
1950 Attlee II
photograph [60]
  • MP for Woodford
  • (1874–1965)
26 October
1951
5 April
1955
3 years, 162 days 1951
Conservative Churchill III
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II
r. 1952–2022
photograph [61]
  • MP for Warwick and Leamington
  • (1897–1977)
6 April
1955
9 January
1957
1 year, 279 days 1955 Eden
photograph [62]
  • MP for Bromley
  • (1894–1986)
10 January
1957
18 October
1963
6 years, 282 days — Macmillan I
1959 Macmillan II
photograph [63]
  • 14th Earl of Home (to 1963)
  • MP for Kinross and Western Perthshire (from 1963)[h]
  • (1903–1995)
19 October
1963
16 October
1964
364 days — Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Douglas-Home
photograph [64]
  • MP for Huyton
  • (1916–1995)
Premiership
16 October
1964
19 June
1970
5 years, 247 days 1964
Labour Wilson I
1966 Wilson II
photograph [65]
  • MP for Bexley
  • (1916–2005)
19 June
1970
4 March
1974
3 years, 259 days 1970
Conservative Heath
photograph [64]
  • MP for Huyton
  • (1916–1995)
Premiership
4 March
1974
5 April
1976
2 years, 33 days (Feb 1974)
Labour Wilson III
Oct 1974 Wilson IV
photograph [66]
  • MP for Cardiff South East
  • (1912–2005)
5 April
1976
4 May
1979
3 years, 30 days —
Callaghan
photograph [67]
  • MP for Finchley
  • (1925–2013)
  • Premiership
4 May
1979
28 November
1990
11 years, 209 days 1979
Conservative Thatcher I
1983 Thatcher II
1987 Thatcher III
photograph [68]
  • MP for Huntingdon
  • (born 1943)
  • Premiership
28 November
1990
2 May
1997
6 years, 156 days —
Major I
1992 Major II
photograph [69]
  • MP for Sedgefield
  • (born 1953)
  • Premiership
2 May
1997
27 June
2007
10 years, 57 days 1997
Labour Blair I
2001 Blair II
2005 Blair III
photograph [70]
  • MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath
  • (born 1951)
  • Premiership
27 June
2007
11 May
2010
2 years, 319 days —
Brown
photograph [71]
  • MP for Witney
  • (born 1966)
  • Premiership
11 May
2010
13 July
2016
6 years, 64 days (2010)
Conservative Cameron–Clegg
2015 Cameron II
photograph [72]
13 July
2016
24 July
2019
3 years, 12 days —
May I
(2017) May II
(DUP confidence & supply)
photograph [73]
  • MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip
  • (born 1964)
  • Premiership
24 July
2019
6 September
2022
3 years, 45 days (—)
Johnson I
(DUP confidence & supply)
2019 Johnson II
photograph [74]
  • MP for South West Norfolk
  • (born 1975)
  • Premiership
6 September
2022
25 October
2022
50 days —
Truss
Charles III
r. 2022–present
photograph [75]
  • MP for Richmond (Yorks)
  • (born 1980)
  • Premiership
25 October
2022
5 July
2024
1 year, 255 days —
Sunak
photograph [76]
5 July
2024
Incumbent [a] 1 year, 360 days 2024
Labour Starmer

1 On 22 June 2026, Starmer announced his resignation as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party. He will remain in role until a new leader has been elected.

Notes

  1. ↑ Walpole was made a peer five days before his resignation as Prime Minister (6 February) and thus relinquished his seat in the House of Commons.
  2. 1 2 Resigned on 10 February 1746, reappointed by George II on 12 February 1746.
  3. ↑ As a peer of Scotland, Lord Bute sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer.
  4. ↑ Pitt served as a Member of Parliament for the first five days of his premiership (30 July – 4 August 1766). He relinquished his Commons seat in order to take the office of Lord Privy Seal, which required his elevation to the House of Lords.
  5. ↑ Lord North was the heir to an earldom and himself a commoner while using the courtesy title.
  6. ↑ Pitt was returned an MP for a different constituency in the 1784 British general election.
  7. ↑ Disraeli was elevated to the House of Lords in 1876, two years into his second premiership. Consequently, he relinquished his Commons seat as MP for Buckinghamshire.
  8. ↑ Douglas-Home disclaimed his peerage as the Earl of Home on 23 October 1963, 4 days after his appointment as Prime Minister. He was returned an MP and took his seat in the House of Commons on 12 November 1963. He had no seats in either of the Houses of Parliament between the two dates.

References

  1. ↑ Mason, Rowena; editor, Rowena Mason Whitehall (2024-07-05). "Keir Starmer promises 'stability and moderation' in first speech as PM". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-09-06. {{cite news}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  2. ↑ Crerar, Pippa; editor, Pippa Crerar Political (2026-06-22). "Keir Starmer to step down as prime minister two years after historic election victory". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2026-06-22. {{cite news}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  3. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 1, 5; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 1–5; Pryde et al. 1996, pp. 45–46.
  4. ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 41; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 7–10; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 222.
  5. ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, pp. 41–42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 11–15.
  6. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21.
  7. ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 44; Courthope 1838, p. 19; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 23–26; Schumann & Schweizer 2012, p. 143.
  8. ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  9. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 28–31; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 223; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  10. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 33–35; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  11. 1 2 The British Magazine and Review 1782, p. 79; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 46, 50; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 39–43.
  12. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 45–50; Kebbel 1864, p. 143; Venning 2005, p. 93.
  13. ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 9; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 52–56; Venning 2005, p. 93; Vincitorio 1968, p. 156.
  14. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 58–62; Whiteley 1996, p. 24.
  15. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 64–68; Venning 2005, p. 93.
  16. ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Venning 2005, p. 93.
  17. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–78; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  18. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 83–85; Styles 1829, p. 266.
  19. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–77; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  20. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 90–92; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  21. ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  22. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 98–101; Evans 2008, p. 4.
  23. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 104–108; Evans 2008, p. 4; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
  24. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 116, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 110–115.
  25. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 120, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 118–120.
  26. ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Shaw 1906, p. 447; Tout 1910, p. 740.
  27. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 133–139.
  28. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–143.
  29. ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Evans 2001, p. 471; Mahon & Cardwell 1856, p. 17; Shaw 1906, p. 447.
  30. 1 2 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 148–153.
  31. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–145; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
  32. 1 2 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 155–160.
  33. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164.
  34. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 159, 167; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 169–174; Royal Society of Edinburgh 2006, p. 375; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  35. ↑ Disraeli 1855; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
  36. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  37. ↑ Balfour 1910; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
  38. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–167; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  39. ↑ Disraeli 1868; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–189; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  40. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–198; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
  41. ↑ Chamberlain 1884; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–192.
  42. 1 2 3 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–202; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
  43. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505.
  44. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
  45. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 222; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 212–215.
  46. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 213, 221; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
  47. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 231; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 217–221; Mosley 1999, p. 173; Tout 1910, p. 741.
  48. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 239; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 223–227.
  49. ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 5; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 244; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 229–235; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
  50. ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 6–9; The Constitutional Yearbook 1919, p. 42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 252; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 237–243.
  51. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 262; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 246–248; Scully 2018.
  52. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–255; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
  53. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–264.
  54. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
  55. ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 13; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–268.
  56. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
  57. ↑ The Annual Register 1941, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 289; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 270–274.
  58. ↑ The Annual Register 1946, p. 11; Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 17–21, 77; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924.
  59. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 305; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 284–289.
  60. ↑ BBC On This Day 2005; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924; Mosley 1999, p. 1868; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
  61. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 315; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 291–295.
  62. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 320; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 297–303.
  63. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 329; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 306–310; Scully 2018.
  64. 1 2 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.
  65. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 343; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 322–328; UK Parliament 2005a.
  66. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.
  67. ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 340–347; UK Parliament 2013.
  68. ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 61; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 384; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 350–352.
  69. ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 270; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 392; Seldon 2007, pp. 77, 371, 647; UK Parliament 2017b.
  70. ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 86; UK Parliament 2012.
  71. ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 65; Lee & Beech 2011; Royal Communications 2016; Wheeler 2016.
  72. ↑ BBC News 2017; Stamp 2016; UK Parliament 2017a.
  73. ↑ BBC News 2019; Kuenssberg 2019; UK Parliament 2022.
  74. ↑ BBC News 2022a; Nevett & Whannel 2022; UK Parliament 2024a.
  75. ↑ BBC News 2022b; Nevett 2022; UK Parliament 2024b.
  76. ↑ BBC News 2024c; UK Parliament 2024e.