| Ginseng |
 |
| Panax quinquefolius |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
|
| Division: |
|
| Class: |
|
| Order: |
|
| Family: |
|
| Subfamily: |
Aralioideae |
| Genus: |
Panax
|
Ginseng refers to species within Panax, a genus of species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, in the family Araliaceae.
They grow in the Northern Hemisphere in eastern Asia (mostly northern China, Korea, and eastern Siberia), usually in cooler climates.
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is grown in the State of Wisconsin, in America. Panax vietnamensis was discovered in Vietnam is the southernmost ginseng found in Asia.
|
|---|
| Forms | |
|---|
| Targets | | sGC |
- Activators/stimulators: Ataciguat
- BAY 41-2272
- BAY 41-8543
- BAY 60-4552
- BI-703704
- Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667)
- GSK-2181236A
- Praliciguat
- Riociguat
- Vericiguat
|
|---|
|
|---|
NO donors (prodrugs) |
- Nitrates: Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN)
- Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN)
- Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol)
- Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)
- Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
- Itramin tosilate
- Mannitol hexanitrate
- Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012)
- NCX-466
- NCX-2216
- NCX-4016
- NCX 4040
- NCX-4215
- Nicorandil
- Nipradilol (K-351)
- Nitrate (NO−
3)
- Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560)
- Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026)
- Nitrofluvastatin
- Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN))
- Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550)
- Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)
- Propatylnitrate
- Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)
- Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt)
- Tenitramine
- Trolnitrate
- Nitroso compounds/nitrites: Nitrite (NO−
2); O-Nitroso compounds (alkyl nitrites): Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite)
- Cyclohexyl nitrite
- Ethyl nitrite
- Hexyl nitrite
- Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite)
- Isopropyl nitrite
- Methyl nitrite
- n-Butyl nitrite
- Pentyl nitrite
- tert-Butyl nitrite; S-Nitroso compounds (thionitrites): LA810
- S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB)
- S-Nitrosated AR545C
- S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC)
- S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)
- S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP)
- S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap)
- S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys)
- S-Nitrosodiclofenac
- S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG)
- SNO-t-PA
- SNO-vWF; N-Nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosamines): SIN-1A
- Nitrosyl compounds: Metal nitrosyl complexes: Roussin's black salt
- Roussin's red salt
- Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)
- NONOates (diazeniumdiolates): Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO)
- Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO)
- GLO/NO
- JS-K
- Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)
- PROLI/NO
- Spermine/NO (SPER/NO)
- V-PYRRO/NO
- Heterocyclic compounds: Furoxans: Furoxan
- REC15/2739; Sydnonimines: Feprosidnine
- Linsidomine (SIN-1)
- Molsidomine (SIN-10)
- Sydnonimine
- Unsorted: Cimlanod
- FK-409
- FR144220
- FR146881
- N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
|
|---|
Enzyme (inhibitors) | | NOS | | nNOS |
- 3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole
- 3-Chloroindazole
- 3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole
- 5-Nitroindazole
- 6-Nitroindazole
- 7-Nitroindazole
- A-84643
- Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
- ARL-17477
- Indazole
- N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO)
- Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA)
- Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (L-NPA)
- Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
- Pentamidine isethionate
- TRIM
|
|---|
| iNOS |
- 1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine
- 2-Ethylaminoguanidine
- 2-Iminopiperidine
- 1400W
- AEITU
- Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
- AMT
- AR-C 102222
- BYK-191023
- Canavanine
- Cindunistat (SD-6010)
- EITU
- IPTU
- MITU
- N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO)
- N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine (L-NIL)
- Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA)
- Ronopterin (VAS-203)
- TRIM
|
|---|
| eNOS |
- Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
- N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO)
- Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA)
- Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
|
|---|
| Unsorted |
- Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
- CKD-712
- Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED)
- GW-273629
- Indospicine
- KD-7040
- Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME)
- NCX-456
- NXN-462
- ONO-1714
- VAS-2381
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Arginase |
- ABH
- Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA)
- chlorogenic acid
- ginseng
- epicatechin
- ornithine
- norvaline
- lysine
- alpha aminoacids
|
|---|
| CAMK | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Others |
- Precursors: L-Arginine
- Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA)
- Indirect/downstream NO modulators: ACE inhibitors/AT-II receptor antagonists (e.g., captopril, losartan)
- ETB receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan)
- L-Type calcium channel blockers (e.g., dihydropyridines: nifedipine)
- Nebivolol (beta blocker)
- PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil)
- non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g., caffeine)
- PDE9 inhibitors (e.g., paraxanthine)
- cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)
- Statins (e.g., simvastatin)
|
|---|
Non-timber forest products |
|---|
| Animal products | |
|---|
| |
|---|
| Edible plants / roots |
- Betel
- Fiddlehead ferns
- Heart of palm
- Mahuwa flowers
- Sago palm
- Sassafras
- Saw palmetto
- Wild ginseng
- Wild onions
- Bear garlic
- Canada onion
- Crow garlic
- Twincrest onion
- Pacific mountain onion
- Ramps
|
|---|
| Mushrooms |
- Bare-toothed russula
- Bay bolete
- Birch bolete
- Cep
- Chanterelle
- Honey mushroom
- Lingzhi
- Matsutake
- Meadow mushroom
- Morel
- Oyster mushroom
- Parasol mushroom
- Red cap
- Saffron milk cap
- Slippery jack
- Truffle
- Yellow knight
|
|---|
| |
|---|
|
- Allanblackia
- Babassu
- Bacuri
- Candlenut
- Capuacu
- Carnauba
- Chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus wightiana)
- Cocoa butter
- Eucalyptol
- Eucalyptus
- Illipe
- Japan wax
- Kokum
- Kombo
- Kpangnan
- Kusum
- Mafura
- Mahua
- Mango butter
- Murumuru
- Nagkesar
- Palm (kernel)
- Phulwara
- Pilu
- Pongamia
- Sal-seed (Shorea robusta)
- Sandalwood
- Shea butter
- Tamanu
- Tea-seed
- Tea-tree
- Tucuma
- Ucuuba
- Vateria indica
|
|---|
| Resins | |
|---|
| Sap / Gum / etc. | |
|---|
| Other | |
|---|