Sonia Chadwick Hawkes
Sonia Chadwick Hawkes (5 November 1933 – 30 May 1999) was a British archaeologist specialising in the archaeology of early Anglo-Saxon England.[1] She led excavations at several archaeological sites in England and worked for Scunthorpe Museum and then the University of Oxford.
Sonia Chadwick Hawkes | |
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| Born | Sonia Elizabeth Chadwick 5 November 1933 Crayford, Kent, England |
| Died | 30 May 1999 (aged 65) Oxford, England |
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| Spouses |
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| Academic background | |
| Education | Bedford College, University of London |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Archaeology |
| Sub-discipline | Medieval archaeology |
| Institutions |
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Early life
Sonia Elizabeth Chadwick was born on 5 November 1933 in Crayford. She was the only child of Albert Andrew Chadwick and Doris Chadwick (formerly Doris Benger).[2] Sonia Chadwick took part in archaeological excavations as a school girl.[3] She studied English at Bedford College, University of London,[4] followed by research supervised by Vera I. Evison.[5]
Major projects
- 1956–60: led excavations at Longbridge Deverill Cow Down, a prehistoric site in Wiltshire[7]
- 1958: catalogued finds from an excavation at Fonaby in Lincolnshire[8]
- 1959–67: led excavations at Finglesham Anglo-Saxon cemetery in Kent[1]
- 1961–62: led excavations at Worthy Park in Hampshire[1]
- 1963–71: catalogued finds from the collection of Bryan Faussett, an 18th-century antiquarian[9]
- 1976: led excavation at Updown early medieval cemetery in Kent
Career
Chadwick's early research explored the decorated metalwork found in early medieval graves.[1] She later focused on Anglo-Saxon cemeteries in Kent.[4] Hawkes was one of several archaeologists working on Anglo-Saxon archaeology.[10]
In 1958, she was appointed curator of Scunthorpe Museum.[2] Chadwick met fellow archaeologist Christopher Hawkes when giving a talk at a conference in 1958 and they married in January 1959.[11] She left Scunthorpe Museum in 1959 to work as a research assistant at the Institute of Archaeology at the University of Oxford, where Christopher lectured. She later become a lecturer and worked at the institute until she retired in 1994.[2]
Hawkes was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1961.[1] A major piece of work on Late Roman zoomorphic belt fittings, "Soldiers and settlers", prompted much debate. Written in collaboration with Gerald Dunning, the paper was also translated into German.[1] In the 1960s, Hawkes began a reassessment of material excavated at the early medieval cemeteries at Sarre and Bifrons in the 19th century. The results were not published in her lifetime.[1]
In 1973, Hawkes was appointed lecturer in European archaeology at the University of Oxford.[2] Updown early medieval cemetery in Kent was discovered that year, about a mile from the Finglesham cemetery. Hawkes was interested in the site as it was near Finglesham where she had already excavated a medieval cemetery. She worked with the owners and they asked her to dig the cemetery before the East Kent Water Board ran a pipeline through the site. The work uncovered 36 graves, but digging stopped after one of the landowners died, and Hawkes spent time publishing the results of the excavation.[12][13]
In 1979, she and James Campbell and David Brown created a book series called Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History.[1] They also organised a talks and conferences about Anglo Saxon studies.[9]
Sonia sometimes worked with her husband, Christopher Hawkes. Christopher joined Sonia at Longbridge Deverill for the final season of excavation in 1960.[14] They also worked on a book together, Greeks, Celts and Romans,[15] and an article by Joachim Werner on Sutton Hoo.[16] Christopher's health began declining in the 1980s, and around this time Sonia and he spent time travelling in Europe.[15] As Christopher's health worsened, Sonia spent more time caring for him and less time on research. After his death in 1992, Sonia "was tireless in ... ordering his books and papers".[15]
Hawkes took early retirement in 1994.[1][2] She married Svetislav Petkovic in May 1995, a retired factory inspector.[2] Sonia Petkovic was diagnosed with cancer and died in Oxford on 30 May 1999.[1][3]
Legacy
When Hawkes died several of her projects were unfinished.[5] Her notes were moved to the Sonia Hawkes Archive at the University of Oxford. Helena Hamerow led a project to digitise the archive.[17][18] Some of Hawkes' works were published after she died, with other people finishing them.
In 2001, the Institute of Archaeology dedicated a plaque to the memory of Christopher and Sonia Hawkes.[19][20] A book dedicated to Sonia Hawkes was published in 2007.[21]
Selected publications
There is no list of all the things publication by Hawkes.[22]
Books
- Hawkes, S. C., Grainger, G. (2006). The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Finglesham, Kent. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology.
- Hawkes, S. C., Grainger, G., Biddulph, E., and Dodd, A. (2003). The Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Worthy Park, Kingsworthy, Hampshire. Oxford: Oxbow.
- Hawkes, S. C. (2000). The Anglo-Saxon cemetery of Bifrons, in the parish of Patrixbourne, East Kent. Anglo-Saxon Stud Archaeol Hist 11: 1–94.
- Hawkes, S. C. (ed.) (1989). Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology.
- Hawkes, C. F. C. and Hawkes, S. C. (eds.) (1973). Greeks, Celts and Romans. London: Dent.
Articles
- Hawkes, S. C. (1974). The Monkton Brooch. The Antiquaries Journal 54(2): 245–256. doi:10.1017/S0003581500042475
- Hawkes, S. C. (1969). "Finds from two Middle Bronze Age pits at Winnall, Winchester, Hampshire." Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society 26: 5–18.
- Hawkes, S. C. and Page, R. I. (1967). Swords and runes in south-east England. The Antiquaries Journal 47 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1017/S000358150001341X
- Hawkes, S. C.; Dunning, G. C. (1961), "Soldiers and Settlers in Britain, Fourth to Fifth Century: With a Catalogue of Animal-Ornamented Buckles and Related Belt-Fittings", Medieval Archaeology, 5: 1–70, doi:10.1080/00766097.1961.11735646
- Chadwick, S. E. (1958), "The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Finglesham, Kent: a Reconsideration", Medieval Archaeology, 2: 1–71, doi:10.5284/1071329
References
Footnotes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Welch 1999.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Champion 2004.
- 1 2 Ashbee 1999, p. 430.
- 1 2 Ashbee 1999, pp. 430–432.
- 1 2 Speake 1999, p. 223.
- ↑ Hawkes, Davidson & Hawkes 1965, pp. 17–19.
- ↑ Hawkes 1994, pp. 49–69.
- ↑ Neuman de Vegvar 2019, p. 52.
- 1 2 Ashbee 1999, p. 431.
- ↑ Dickinson 2012, p. 223.
- ↑ Hawkes 2002, p. 315.
- ↑ Welch 2008, pp. 2, 7.
- ↑ Hawkes 1976, pp. 247–248.
- ↑ Hawkes 1994, p. 49.
- 1 2 3 Ashbee 1999, p. 432.
- ↑ Biddle 2015, p. 84.
- ↑ "Novum Inventorium Sepulchrale". inventorium.arch.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- ↑ "Novum Inventorium Sepulchrale – Kentish Anglo-Saxon graves and grave-goods in the Sonia Hawkes archive". digital.humanities.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- ↑ Hawkes 2002, pp. 311–317.
- ↑ Museum, Victoria and Albert. "Landscape of the Megaliths | Nash, Paul | V&A Explore The Collections". Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
- ↑ Henig & Smith 2007a.
- ↑ Henig & Smith 2007b, p. 3.
Bibliography
- Ashbee, Paul (1999). "Sonia Chadwick-Hawkes, M.A., F.S.A." Archaeologia Cantiana. 119: 427–434.
- Biddle, Martin (3 December 2015). "Rupert Leo Scott Bruce-Mitford: 1914–1994" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy. XIV. British Academy: 58–86.
- Champion, T. C. (2004). "Hawkes, (Charles Francis) Christopher". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/51094. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Dickinson, Tania (2012). "Overview: Mortuary Ritual". In Hinton, David A.; Crawford, Sally; Hamerow, Helena (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology (1 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 221–237. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212149.013.0013. ISBN 978-0-19-921214-9.
- Hawkes, Nicolas (2002). "The Artist and the Archaeologist: A Presentation in Memory of Christopher and Sonia Hawkes". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 21 (3): 311–317. doi:10.1111/1468-0092.00165.
- Hawkes, Sonia Chadwick (1976). "Interim Report by Mrs. S. C. Hawkes, MA., F.SA., on the Excavations at Eastry". Archaeologia Cantiana. 92: 247–248. Archived from the original on 2023-04-10. Retrieved 2026-05-02.
- Hawkes, Sonia Chadwick (1994). "Longbridge Deverill Cow Down, Wiltshire, House 3: A Major Round House of the Early Iron Age". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 13 (1): 49–69. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1994.tb00031.x.
- Hawkes, Sonia Chadwick; Davidson, H. R. Ellis; Hawkes, Christopher (1965). "The Finglesham Man". Antiquity. 39 (153): 17–32. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00031379. S2CID 163986460.
- Henig, Martin; Smith, Tyler Jo, eds. (2007a). Collectanea Antiqua: Essays in Memory of Sonia Chadwick Hawkes. BAR International Series. Vol. 1673. Oxford: BAR Publishing. doi:10.30861/9781407301082. ISBN 978-1-4073-3148-5.
- Henig, Martin; Smith, Tyler Jo (2007b). "Introduction". In Henig, Martin; Smith, Tyler Jo (eds.). Collectanea Antiqua: Essays in Memory of Sonia Chadwick Hawkes. BAR International Series. Vol. 1673. Oxford: BAR Publishing. pp. 1–4.
- Neuman de Vegvar, Carol (2019). "Beyond valkyries: drinking horns in Anglo-Saxon women's graves". In Scheck, Helene; Kozikowski, Christine E. (eds.). New Readings on Women and Early Medieval English Literature and Culture: Cross-Disciplinary Studies in Honour of Helen Damico. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 43–60. doi:10.1017/9781641893329.004. ISBN 9781641893329.
- Speake, George (1999). "Sonia Elizabeth Chadwick Hawkes Petkovic 1933–1999". Medieval Archaeology. 43: 223–225. doi:10.5284/1071891.
- Welch, Martin (24 June 1999). "Obituary: Sonia Chadwick Hawkes". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- Welch, Martin (2008). "Report on Excavations of the Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Updown, Eastry, Kent". In Crawford, Sally; Hamerow, Helena (eds.). Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 15. Vol. 15. Oxbow Books. pp. 1–146. doi:10.2307/j.ctvh1dw9r.5. ISBN 978-1-78297-531-1. JSTOR j.ctvh1dw9r.