Papal States

State of the Church
Patrimonio di San Pietro / Stato Pontificio  (Italian)
Patrimonium Sancti Petri / Status Ecclesiasticus (Latin)
  • 756–1870
  • Interregna (1798–1799, 1809–1814 and 1849–1850)
Flag of Papal States
  • Top: Flag until 1808[4] (longest use)
  • Bottom: (1825-1849),(1850-1870)[5] (last)
Coat of arms(15th–19th cent.) Coat of arms(Sede vacante) of Papal States
Coat of arms
(15th–19th cent.)
Coat of arms of Papal States (sede vacante)
Coat of arms
(Sede vacante)
Anthem: Noi vogliam Dio, Vergine Maria (1815–1857)
(Italian)
"We want God, Virgin Mary"
  • Marcia trionfale (1857–1870)[6]
    "Triumphal March"
Papal Shield
Map of the Papal States (green) at their greatest extent in 1789, including its exclaves of Benevento and Pontecorvo in southern Italy, and the Comtat Venaissin and Avignon in southern France
Map of the Papal States (green) at their greatest extent in 1789, including its exclaves of Benevento and Pontecorvo in southern Italy, and the Comtat Venaissin and Avignon in southern France
The legations of the Papal States in 1850: Rome, I. Romagna, II. Marche, III. Umbria, IV. Marittima e Campagna
The legations of the Papal States in 1850: Rome, I. Romagna, II. Marche, III. Umbria, IV. Marittima e Campagna
Capital
Official languagesLatin
Common languages
  • Italian
  • Romagnol
  • Emilian (Bolognese and Ferrarese)
  • Central Italian languages
  • Southern Italian languages (Beneventan)
Religion
Catholicism (state religion)
Government
Pope 
• 756–757 (first)
Stephen II
• 1846–1870 (last)
Pius IX
Cardinal Secretary of State 
• 1551–1555 (first)
Girolamo Dandini
• 1848–1870 (last)
Giacomo Antonelli
Prime Minister 
• 1847–1848 (first)
Gabriele Ferretti
• 1848–1849 (last)
Carlo E. Muzzarelli
LegislatureParliament (1848)
History 
• Donation of Pepin
756
781
• Treaty of Venice (sovereignty reaffirmed)
1177
• Publication of the Constitutiones Aegidianae
1357
• Roman Republic (1798–1799)
15 February 1798
• Schönbrunn Palace Declarations
17 May 1809
• Capture of Rome
20 September 1870
• Annexation to the Kingdom of Italy
9 October 1870
11 February 1929
Area
Before 1859[7]44,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1853[8]
3,124,668
Currency
  • Roman scudo (until 1866)
  • Papal lira (1866–1870)
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Duchy of Rome
1440:
Republic of Cospaia
1545:
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1798:
Tiberina Republic
1798:
Roman Republic
1806:
Principality of Pontecorvo
1809:
First French Empire
1820:
Republic of Benevento
1820:
Republic of Pontecorvo
1849:
Roman Republic
1870:
Kingdom of Italy
Today part of


The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (Italian: Stato della Chiesa, Italian pronunciation: [ˈstato della ˈkjɛːza]; Latin: Status Ecclesiasticus;[9] also Dicio Pontificia), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870.

By 1861, much of the Papal States' territory had been conquered by the Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the Pope lost Lazio and Rome and had no physical territory at all, except the Vatican.

References

  1. ↑ Moya, Gonzalo J. Herreros (2016). "Heráldica y emblemática en las cofradías de Córdoba. Algunos apuntes". Córdoba Cofrade (in Spanish). 142: 60. Si hubiera que ser fieles a la realidad histórica, no obstante, los colores de esta bandera no son exactamente fieles, ya que el amarillo y blanco usados en la actualidad por el Vaticano fueron una reforma de los colores de los Estados Pontificios acometida por Pío VII en 1808, pues históricamente, hasta entonces, se habían empleado amarillo y rojo, y por tanto, para describir el escudo de Alejandro VII -muy anterior a este cambio- hubiera sido preferible diseñarla con estos colores papales antiguos.
  2. ↑ "Storia della Bandiera dello Stato della Città del Vaticano". vatican.va (in Italian). 31 December 2000. Anticamente la bandiera dello Stato pontificio era giallorossa (o per meglio dire amaranto e rossa, colori derivati dai colori dello stemma della Santa Sede), i due colori tradizionali del Senato e del Popolo romano, che vennero tuttavia sostituiti con il bianco e il giallo nel 1808. [In ancient times, the flag of the Papal States was yellow and red (or rather amaranth and red, colours derived from the traditional colours of the Holy See), the two traditional colours of the Senate and People of Rome, which however came to be substituted with white and yellow in 1808.]
  3. ↑ "Bandiera pontificia" (in Spanish). Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano. Archived from the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 2024-03-09. En el pasado, la bandera del Estado pontificio era de color amarillo y granate (o mejor dicho, carmesì y rojo, colores relacionados con el escudo de la Santa Sede), dos colores tradicionales del Senado y del Pueblo romano. [In ancient times, the flag of the Papal States was yellow and red (or rather amaranth and red, colours derived from the traditional colours of the Holy See), the two traditional colours of the Senate and People of Rome.]
  4. ↑ [1][2][3]
  5. ↑ Vaticano, la bandiera di Porta Pia ritorna dopo 141 anni. www.lastampa.it. 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
  6. ↑ "Inno Pontificio e la sua storia" (in Italian). Stato della città del Vaticano. Archived from the original on 13 March 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  7. ↑ Saylin, Gregory M. (November 1995). "The United Nations International Conference on Population and Development: Religion, Tradition, and Law in Latin America". Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 28 (5): 1263.
  8. ↑ Statistica della popolazione dello Stato pontificio dell'anno 1853 (PDF) (in Italian). Ministry of Commerce and Public Works. 1857. p. xxii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  9. ↑ Frederik de Wit, "Status Ecclesiasticus et Magnus Ducatus Thoscanae" (1700)

Other websites

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