Mujaddid

Mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد) in Islam is a reformer who is given the task of removing errors that have occurred among Muslims. Their job is to show people the great religious truths which the Muslim community will be asked to face.[1] According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. In contemporary times, a mujaddid is looked upon as the greatest Muslim of a century.[2]

Ikhtilaf (disagreements) exist among vatious hadith specialists. Scholars and historians like Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani have interpreted that the term mujaddid can also be understood as plural, thus referring to a group of people.[3][4]

The Arabic word mujaddid means "reviver", someone who revives the religion. The concept of tajdid and the term mujaddid come rather from a hadith, a statement of the Prophet Muhammad. This hadith was written down by Abu Dawood in his Sunan, one of the six authoritative Sunni collections of the Prophet's statements. In this hadith, the Prophet says:

"Verily, Allah (God) sends to (or will raise for) this Ummah (the Islamic nation) at the head (the beginning or the end) of every hundred years someone (or people) who will renew (or revive) for it its religion."[5]

The concept of tajdid in Islamic thought

Tajdid in Islamic thought means renewing the ideology representing the intellectual product of Muslims in the fields of science, knowledge and ijtihad to interpret Islam and understand and explicate its rulings.

Al-Suyuti mentioned in his book Al-Jami' al-Sagheer, "Renewing religion means renewing its guidance, clarifying its truth and precedence, refuting the innovations and extremism presented to its followers or their reluctance in upholding it, and following its rules in managing the interests of the people and the law of society and civilization."[6]

Among the most manifest aspects of tajdid (renewal) in Islamic thought is the renewal of Islamic sciences as follows:[7]

  1. The science of Islamic doctrine.
  2. The Principles of Islamic jurisprudence.
  3. The science of Jurisprudence.
  4. The science of the sunnah.
  5. The science of Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir).
  6. The science of Purification and Code of Conduct.
  7. The biography of the Prophet and Islamic history.

Mujaddids can include prominent scholars, pious rulers and military commanders.[8]

The reformers by century

2nd Century AH

  • Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (63–101 AH/682–720 AD)

3rd Century AH

  • Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (150–204 AH/767–820 AD)
  • Ahmad ibn Hanbal (164–241 AH/781–855 AD)

4th Century AH

  • Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi (239–321 AH/853–933 AD)
  • Ibn Surayj (249–306 AH/864–918 AD)

5th Century AH

  • Ibn Furak (330–406 AH/941–1015 AD)
  • Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri (321–405 AH/933–1014 AD)
  • Abu Hamid al-Isfarayini (344–406 AH/955–1015 AD)
  • Abu al-Tayyib Sahl al-Sa'luki (0–404 AH/0–1013/14 AD)
  • Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi (384–456 AH/994–1064 AD)

6th Century AH

  • Ibn al-Jawzi (509/510–597 AH/1116–1201 AD)
  • Ahmad al-Rifa'i (512–578 AH/1118–1182 AD)

7th Century AH

  • Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i (555–623 AH/1160–1226 AD)
  • Al-Baydawi (0–685 AH/0–1286 AD)
  • Al-'Izz ibn 'Abd al-Salam (577–660 AH/1181/82–1262 AD)

8th Century AH

9th Century AH

  • Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini (724-805 AH/1324-1403 AD)
  • Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi (725-806 AH/1325-1404 AD)
  • Ibn Khaldun (732-808 AH/1332-1406 AD)

10th Century AH

  • Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (849–911 AH/1445–1505 AD)
  • Zakariyya al-Ansari (823–926 AH/1420–1520 AD)

11th Century AH

  • Shams al-Din al-Ramli (919–1004 AH/1513–1596 AD)
  • Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (993–1081 AH/1585–1671 AD)
  • Ahmad Sirhindi (971–1034 AH/1564–1624 AD)

12th Century AH

  • Aurangzeb (1068–1118 AH/1658–1707 AD)
  • 'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad (1044–1132 AH/1634–1719 AD)
  • Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1114–1176 AH/1703–1762 AD)

13th Century AH

  • Muhammad ibn Abd-ul-Wahhab (1703–1792 C.E., 1115–1206 A.H)[9]
  • Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlawi (1159–1239 AH/1746–1824 AD)

15th Century AH

References

  • Tuhfat al-Muhtadin bi Akhbar al-Mujaddidin (Arabic: تحفة المهتدين بأخبار المجددين) by Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti.
  • Mausu'at A'lam al-Mujaddidin fi al-Islam (Arabic: موسوعة أعلام المجددين في الإسلام) by Samih Kurayyim.
  • Mujaddid - Islamic Encyclopedia Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  1. ↑ Ali, Maulana Muhammad (2011). The Religion of Islam by Muhammad Ali. Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore USA. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-934271-18-6.
  2. ↑ "Mujaddid - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-03.
  3. ↑ Fath al-Baari (13/295)
  4. ↑ Taareekh al-Islam (23/180)
  5. ↑ "Hadith - Book of Battles (Kitab Al-Malahim) - Sunan Abi Dawud - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.
  6. ↑ "Reform (Islah) and Renewal (Tajdid) in Islamic Thought". Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah. Archived from the original on 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  7. ↑ "Renewal (Tajdid) in Islamic sciences". Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah. Archived from the original on 2019-12-05. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  8. ↑ Meri, Josef W., ed. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 678. ISBN 9780415966900.
  9. ↑ Abdul-Wahid, Abu Khadeejah (2016-04-27). "Part 1. Kitāb at-Tawhīd: An amazing authorship and journey into the history of Saudi Arabia and Muhammad Ibn Abdul-Wahhāb". Retrieved 2026-05-15.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.