List of heads of state of Spain

Spanish Royal Crown (heraldic representation)

This is a list of Spanish heads of state, who have led the country of Spain.

Kingdom of Spain (1479–1873)

House of Trastámara (1479–1555)

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Isabella I
(1451-04-22)22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504(1504-11-26) (aged 53)11 December 1474
Castile		26 November 1504
Castile		Daughter of John II of Castile and Isabella of PortugalTrastámaraIsabella I of Castile
Ferdinand V & II
  • the Catholic
  • Spanish: Fernando V & II
(1452-03-10)10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516(1516-01-23) (aged 63)15 January 1475
Castile
20 January 1479
Aragon		26 November 1504
Castile
23 January 1516
Aragon		Son of John II of Aragon and Juana EnríquezTrastámaraFerdinand V of Castile and II of Aragon
Joanna
(1479-11-06)6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555(1555-04-12) (aged 75)26 November 1504
Castile
23 January 1516
Aragon		12 April 1555Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of AragonTrastámaraJoanna of Castile and Aragon (later: Joanna of Spain)
Philip I
(1478-07-22)22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506(1506-09-25) (aged 28)27 June 1506
Castile		25 September 1506
Castile		Husband of Joanna of CastileHabsburgPhilip I of Castile

House of Habsburg (1516–1700)

Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Charles I (Emperor Charles V)
Carlos I, el César Carlos		 February 24, 1500 – September 21, 1558 (aged 58) March 14, 1516 – January 16, 1556 Son of Joanna of Castile, grandson of Isabella I and Ferdinand II
Philip II, the Prudent
Felipe II, el Prudente		 May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598 (aged 71) January 16, 1556 – September 13, 1598 Son of Charles I
Philip III, the Pious
Felipe III, el Piadoso		 April 14, 1578 – March 31, 1621 (aged 42) September 13, 1598 – March 31, 1621
  • King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia
  • Duke of Milan
 Son of Philip II
Philip IV, the Great, the Planet King
Felipe IV, el Grande, el Rey Planeta		 April 8, 1605 – September 17, 1665 (aged 60) March 31, 1621 – September 17, 1665
  • King of Spain, Portugal (until 1640), Naples, Sicily and Sardinia
  • Duke of Milan
  • Sovereign of the Netherlands and Count Palatine of Burgundy
 Son of Philip III
Charles II, the Bewitched
Carlos II, el Hechizado		 November 6, 1661 – November 1, 1700 (aged 38) September 17, 1665 – November 1, 1700
  • King of Spain, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia
  • Duke of Milan
  • Sovereign of the Netherlands and Count Palatine of Burgundy
 Son of Philip IV
Disputed claimant
Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Archduke Charles of Austria,
as Charles III
Archiduque Carlos, (Carlos III)		 October 1, 1685 – October 20, 1740 (aged 55) September 12, 1703 – July 2, 1715
  • King of Spain, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia
  • Duke of Milan
  • Sovereign of the Netherlands
 Great-grandson of Philip III

House of Bourbon (1700–1808)

Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Philip V, the Spirited
Felipe V, el Animoso		 December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746 (aged 62) November 16, 1700 – January 14, 1724
(abdicated in favor of his son)		 King of Spain Great-grandson of Philip IV
Louis I, the Beloved, the Liberal
Luis I, el Bien Amado, el Liberal		 August 25, 1707 – August 31, 1724 (aged 17) January 14, 1724 – August 31, 1724
(ruled only 7 months before his death)		 Son of Philip V
Philip V, the Spirited
Felipe V, el Animoso		 December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746 (aged 62) September 6, 1724 – July 9, 1746
(reinstated on death of his son)		 Father of Louis I
Ferdinand VI, the Learned, the Just
Fernando VI, el Prudente, el Justo		 September 23, 1713 – August 10, 1759 (aged 45) July 9, 1746 – August 10, 1759 Son of Philip V
Charles III, the Enlightened, the King-Mayor
Carlos III, el Político		 January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788 (aged 72) August 10, 1759 – December 14, 1788
Charles IV, the Hunter
Carlos IV, el Cazador		 November 11, 1748 – January 20, 1819 (aged 70) December 14, 1788 – March 19, 1808 Son of Charles III
Ferdinand VII, the Desired, the Felon King
Fernando VII, el Deseado, el Rey Felón		 October 14, 1784 – September 29, 1833 (aged 48) March 19, 1808 – May 6, 1808 Son of Charles IV

House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)

Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Joseph I, the Intruder, Bottle Joe
José I, Pepe Botella		 January 7, 1768 – July 28, 1844 (aged 76) June 6, 1808 – December 11, 1813
  • King of Spain
  • King of Naples and Sicily and the Indies
  • Comte de Survilliers
 No relationship, appointee and elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte

House of Bourbon (1813–1868; first restoration)

Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Ferdinand VII, the Desired, the Felon King
Fernando VII, el Deseado, el Rey Felón		 October 14, 1784 – September 29, 1833 (aged 48) December 11, 1813 – September 29, 1833 King of Spain Son of Charles IV
Isabella II, the One with the Sad Destinies
Isabel II, la de los Tristes Destinos		 October 10, 1830 – April 9, 1904 (aged 73) September 29, 1833 – September 30, 1868 Queen of Spain Daughter of Ferdinand VII

House of Savoy (1870–1873)

Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Amadeo I, the Gentleman King,
Amadeo I, el Rey Caballero		 May 30, 1845 – January 18, 1890 (aged 44) December 4, 1870 – February 11, 1873 King of Spain Descendant of Philip II (through his grandson Thomas Francis) and of Charles III (through his son Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his daughter Maria Luisa)

First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)

Presidents of the Republic

Portrait Coat of arms Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political affiliation
Estanislao Figueras
(1819–1882)		 February 12, 1873 June 11, 1873 Federal Democratic Republican Party
Francesc Pi i Margall
(1824–1901)		 June 11, 1873 July 18, 1873
Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso
(1838–1908)		 July 18, 1873 September 7, 1873
Emilio Castelar y Ripoll
(1832–1899)		 September 7, 1873 January 3, 1874
Francisco Serrano
1st Duke of la Torre
(1810–1885)		 January 3, 1874 December 30, 1874 Conservative faction

Kingdom of Spain (1874–1931)

House of Bourbon (1874–1931; second restoration)

Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Alfonso XII, the Peacemaker
Alfonso XII, el Pacificador		 November 28, 1857 – November 25, 1885 (aged 27) December 30, 1874 – November 25, 1885 Constitutional King of Spain Son of Isabella II
Alfonso XIII, the African
Alfonso XIII, el Africano		 May 17, 1886 – February 28, 1941 (aged 54) May 17, 1886 – April 14, 1931 Son of Alfonso XII

Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

Presidents of the Republic

Portrait Coat of arms Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political affiliation
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
(1877–1949)		 December 10, 1931 April 7, 1936 Liberal Republican Right
Diego Martínez Barrio
(1883–1962)
Interim		 April 7, 1936 May 10, 1936 Republican Union
Popular Front coalition
Manuel Azaña
(1880–1940)		 May 10, 1936 March 3, 1939 Republican Left
Popular Front coalition
Segismundo Casado
(1893–1968)
Interim		 March 4, 1939 March 13, 1939 Republican Army
National Defence Council
José Miaja
(1878–1958)
Interim		 March 13, 1939 March 27, 1939

Spanish Republican government in exile (1939–1977)

Presidents in exile

Portrait Coat of arms Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political affiliation
Diego Martínez Barrio
(1883–1962)
Interim		 March 4, 1939 May 11, 1940 Republican Union
Álvaro de Albornoz y Liminiana
(1879–1954)
Interim		 May 11, 1940 August 17, 1945 Independent
Diego Martínez Barrio
(1883–1962)		 August 17, 1945 January 1, 1962 Republican Union
Luis Jiménez de Asúa
(1889–1970)		 January 1, 1962 November 16, 1970 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
José Maldonado González
(1900–1985)		 November 16, 1970 July 1, 1977 Republican Left

Francoist Spain (1936–1975)

Portrait Coat of arms Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political affiliation
Head of State (Caudillo)
Francisco Franco
(1892–1975)		 October 1, 1936 November 20, 1975 FET y de las JONS
(after 1937)
National Movement
President of the Regency
Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel
(1917–1976)		 November 20, 1975 November 22, 1975 National Movement

Kingdom of Spain (1975–present)

Portrait Coat of arms Name Life Reign Titles Claim
Juan Carlos I January 5, 1938 November 22, 1975 – June 19, 2014 King of Spain Grandson of Alfonso XIII, through his third son, Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
Felipe VI January 30, 1968 June 19, 2014 – present Son of Juan Carlos I

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