Human papillomavirus
| Human papillomavirus infection | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Human papillomavirus |
 | |
| The major capsid protein L1 of HPV 11 | |
| Medical specialty | Infectious disease, gynecology, oncology |
| Symptoms | None, warts[1][2] |
| Complications | Cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, tonsils, or throat[1][2] [3] |
| Causes | Human papillomavirus spread by direct contact[4][5] |
| Risk factors | Sexual contact |
| Prevention | HPV vaccines, condoms[4][6] |
| Frequency | Most people are infected at some point in time[4] |
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that can infect the skin or mucous membranes (like the genitals, or inside the mouth) of humans. They cause warts.[7] Some of them may cause cancer. There are over 100 different virus types in this group. About 40 virus types can be transmitted sexually. About 12-15 can cause cancer.
Most cases of HPV can be prevented by a vaccine,[8] which also would stop the HPV from causing cancer. Most cases of cervical, oral and throat cancer are caused by HPV.[9][10] The HPV immunisation programme has almost fully stopped cervical cancer happening in women born in England since September 1995.[11] Prophylaxis (prevention) of HPV by vaccine is done with the HPV vaccine.
A first step in treatment is the use of salicylic acid. This is available in pharmacies, usually without a prescription. If this does not help, the wart can be frozen and destroyed or a laser can be used to destroy it. If this still does not help, different methods of chemotherapy can be used.
References
- 1 2 "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer - WHO". World Health Organization. 22 February 2022. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.
- 1 2 Ljubojevic S, Skerlev M (2014). "HPV-associated diseases". Clinics in Dermatology. 32 (2): 227–34. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.007. PMID 24559558.
- ↑ Anjum, Fatima; Zohaib, Jamal (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Definitions (Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415. S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Retrieved 6 February 2021 – via NCBI.
- 1 2 3 "What is HPV?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ↑ Milner, Danny A. (2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
- ↑ "Fact Sheet for Public Health Personnel | Condom Effectiveness". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 25 March 2013. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ↑ Gordon, Marsha; Alice E. Fugate The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beautiful Skin Penguin Group 1998 page 192
- ↑ HPV vaccine fact sheet
- ↑ HPV fact sheet
- ↑ "HPV oral cancer facts". Archived from the original on 2016-02-10. Retrieved 2016-02-17.
- ↑ "A Fresh Shot". Policy Exchange. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
Other websites
- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Archived 2007-06-08 at the Wayback Machine from University of California, Santa Barbara's SexInfo
- hpv-centrum Archived 2009-08-05 at the Wayback Machine - Video and info from the HPV, hpv centrums in Hungary
- CDC fact sheet - HPV fact sheet from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention