Acute myeloid leukemia
| Acute myeloid leukemia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Acute myelogenous leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia |
.jpg) | |
| Acute myeloid leukemia. In the cytoplasm of individual cells, characteristic inclusions – Auer rods – are visible. | |
| Medical specialty | Hematology, oncology |
| Symptoms | Feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, increased risk of infection |
| Usual onset | 65–70 years old |
| Risk factors | Smoking, previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, myelodysplastic syndrome, benzene |
| Diagnostic method | Bone marrow aspiration, blood test |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, Targeted inhibitors |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival ~33% (US, 2015–2021) |
| Frequency | 145,000 per year (2021) |
| Deaths | 130,000 (2021) |
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also known as acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells. It is the rapid growth of uncommon white blood cells that build up in the bone marrow and harm the production of normal blood cells. AML is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults.[1]
Risk factors include getting older, being male,[2] smoking, previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, myelodysplastic syndrome, and exposure to the chemical benzene.[1]
The cancer works through the replacement of normal bone marrow with leukemia cells, which causes a drop in red blood cells, platelets, and normal white blood cells.[1]
In 2015, AML affected about one million people and caused 147,000 deaths globally.[3][4] It mainly affects older adults.[5] Males are affected more often than females.
As of 2015, the five-year survival rate was about 35% in people under 60 years old and 10% in people over 60 years old.[6] Older people whose health is bad for intensive chemotherapy have a survival of five to ten months.[6]
AML makes up roughly 1.1% of all cancer cases, and 1.8% of cancer deaths in the United States.[5]
References
- 1 2 3 "Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 6 March 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ "Risk Factors for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)". cancer.org. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
- ↑ Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
- ↑ Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
- 1 2 "Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Cancer Stat Facts". NCI. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
- 1 2 Döhner H, Weisdorf DJ, Bloomfield CD (September 2015). "Acute Myeloid Leukemia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (12): 1136–1152. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1406184. PMID 26376137. S2CID 40314260.